Ethical Dilema - 2954 Words

Case study Nursing Ethics 19(4) 581–589  ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav 10.1177/0969733012448348 nej.sagepub.com Pediatric consent: Case study analysis using a principles approach Adaorah NU Azotam Villanova University, USA Abstract This article will explore pediatric consent through the analysis of a clinical case study using the principles of biomedical ethics approach. Application of the principles of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice will be dissected in order to attempt to establish resolution of the ethical dilemma. The main conflict in this case study deals with whether the wishes of an adolescent for end-of-life care should be followed or should the†¦show more content†¦The interest of the team is to holistically support Max and his family in their health care decision-making without coercion. Their goal is to achieve consensus within the family and to prevent Max from further suffering if possible. The medical institution has interests to ensure that standards and policies are followed, negative attention is avoided with prompt conflict resolution, and all clients are satisfied with the care they receive. There are multiple dilemmas in this particular case such as futi le care, pediatric advance directives, consent/ dissent to treatment by a competent minor, and decision-making capacity. Theoretical analysis of the case The four principles approach is based on the premise that there are a set of basic principles that provide the structure to support basic moral norms and actions in society.1 It also surmises that the powers of reason and the guiding concepts of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice establish duties we have toward others and ourselves. These moral principles can be adapted as guidelines to analyze ethical dilemmas. In this case, they will be applied to support the argument for or against pediatric consent and provide an objective framework for determining a resolution to the conflict. Analysis of position 1 The first position rests with the parents’ opposition to Max’s choice to discontinue medical treatment andShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemas1230 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Dilemmas Choose only one of the ethical dilemmas below to address in your essay. The questions at the end of each dilemma are intended for you to reflect on. For your paper you must organize your writing using the sections and underlined titles listed on the assignment page. Do not copy the case study into your essay. 1. Pornography Joe secretly enjoys pornography. He gets a great deal of gratification out of viewing Internet pornography and masturbating, though he always acts behindRead MoreEthical Business Dilema911 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Dilemma Analysis through the 8 questions model by Arthur Dobrin Case 1 – Rental Applicant 1. Facts †¢ African-American applicant †¢ Stable work history †¢ More than enough income to cover the rent †¢ Good references from their previous landlord †¢ A couple with one young son (Family) †¢ Before applicants accepted, rental agent should have done a background check as a standard procedure. 2. Facts we don’t know †¢ Verifications of facts – conduct a cross check o Whether or not the factsRead MoreEuthanasia: An Ethical Dilema Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesof Ethical Theory: Webster’s defines euthanasia as, â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy.† According to the principalism theory, principalism uses key ethical principles of beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), autonomy (respect for the person’s ability to act in his or her own best interests), and justice in the resolution of ethical conflictsRead MoreChild Labor Ethical Dilema1357 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Dilemma – Global Child Labor The pressure to produce goods inexpensively has driven companies to seek low-cost areas for producing those goods. In the quest to compete with low-cost discounters such as Wal-Mart, companies have been increasingly driven to overseas markets to produce their goods. Within the textile arena, especially, this phenomenon is occurring with regularity. One look at the label of the clothing in ones closet reveals clothing that was produced in Bangalore, HondurasRead MoreCase Study Approaches to Ethical Dilemas Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study Approaches to Ethical Dilemmas LaDonna Landry BSHS 335 January 12, 2015 Nicole Zmuda Case Study Approaches to Ethical Dilemmas The case study I chose is that of six-year-old Tavion Robinson who was taken to Methodist Hospital by his father for a broken arm and abrasions. There were a couple of things in this case that could insinuate that the broken arm and abrasions were not an accident. The father being hesitant to leave Tavion alone with hospital staff was the firstRead MoreTelevision Show, Suits, Shows Conceptual Old Lawyers Ideals in Modern Light 599 Words   |  3 Pageshard-working lawyers slowly transitioned into a negative one. Contemporary legal dramas such as Suits mark a shift in how corporate lawyers are perceived and creates an alternative reality, showing corporate lawyers performing their job at the highest ethical integrity while addressing current political issues. Suits is a fictional drama set in the heart of New York. The protagonists of the show are Harvey Specter a notable Harvard Law graduate, and Michael Ross, a law-prodigy. The show depicts lawyersRead MoreEthics Game1353 Words   |  6 Pages2012 Barbara Scheibe, RNC, MSN Ethics Game Simulation Reflective Journal This journal contains my reflections of the Ethics Game simulation assignment. The purpose of this assignment is to help me understand how to make ethical decisions using a decision model. Ethical Issue #1-Presented during my shift We have a 16 year old pregnant patient (RB), in her tenth hour of labor. Her parents are present and have been with her the entire time. They have chosen to limit medication and assistanceRead MoreThe Application Of Ethical Theories Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesPASS THE INSPECTION: THE APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES TO AN ETHICAL DILEMA Discussion with Senior Enlisted Leader This is an instance of senior enlisted, who you should be able to trust, giving you bad advice. When the situation is hypothetical and not a pressing issue, it is easy to see that it would be wrong to allow the Chief to sign off on the maintenance checks. But in the moment, there are good reasons to have the checks signed off. Having the maintenance appear to be complete makes yourRead MoreThe Power Of A Single Officer1004 Words   |  5 Pagesdecide between harm a person or not at the moment that a crime is about to happen. Another example is the police officer uses their authority as a tool for corruption. However, as Jocelyn M. pollock stated in the book Ethical Dilemas and decisions in Criminal justice.† most ethical dilemmas of that police officers face derive from their power of discretion.†(pollock) Pollock defined the controversy of the power as a matter of discretion that the police have and consequently a different amount ofRead MoreThe Use Of Brutality And Per suasion1626 Words   |  7 Pageswith issues and unlawful behaviour as it arises to deal with public issues on a day to day basis, however they are required to follow a code of conduct, therefore are viewed by the public as upholding the law and being ethical and trustworthy. When it comes to a successful and ethical interview, one of the key things police need to do is to not jump to conclusions and make assumptions very early on, there needs to be an unbiased point of view. Police act as mediators and use the law to evaluate the

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Mass Media And Society s Influence On Society Essay

Position Statement Mass media and society have an influence on each other. One impacts the other just a tad bit more. They have a symbiotic relationship, where one cannot work successfully with each other in many different circumstances. Society has more influence over mass media, because of the idea for supply and demand. If the public does not demand service, then it would not be provided. Media does have a small impact on society, but society holds the key to how information is dispersed. Included below are the major types of mass media and each breaks down into various subtopics inside of each. Theses subtopics include cultural, government policies, news and spreading information. The news is created by the public from an occurrence. The parts that go into if the news is read, is more than just beyond air space and time, because of the advancement with technology, every story, that gets a reaction form the public, has room to be shared to the public. Radio is available to most of the public. It could be access from a car, to stereo system of even through mobile devices. Society impacting radio and having a direct influence on it is good. That is the way it should be for this type of medium. It is one to the easiest accessed and has a smaller amount of restrictions. Print is funded by advertisement, which are ads that allow for stores to get more money. IF advertising did not work, then it will adapt to the demand of the public. Society has the ability to allow forShow MoreRelatedMass Media s Influence On Society962 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years mass media has become more available and favored by society through avenues such as magazines, television, newspapers, print ads, internet, and including social media. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2007), individuals spend nearly a total of 3,518 hours of their time on mass media outlets. Mass media has become widely popular among individuals, in particularly young adults.73% of U.S adults aged 18–29, have been reported regularly visit at least one of these outlet, and 42% use moreRead MoreMass Media Influence On People s Ideas About Society936 Words   |  4 PagesJamilah Alfadhli ENG 110-01 November 13, 2015 Mass Media Influence in Shaping People’s Ideas about Society The most important goal for mass media is to make high revenues. To make this goal real and earn that money mass media maker or producer put effective working plans. These effective plans could be in all different kinds of any mass media. There are several effects of made mass media planning before it broadcasting a message to improve it economic. These effects are; effects of advertisingRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreWhy Is Medium Is The Massage Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is Medium Message? Marshall McLuhan, a technological determinist, says in his book ‘Medium is the massage’ that the most widespread modern media influence how humans think, act and perceive the world around them. He states that the medium significantly influences the message that people will receive, and thus, the same message is perceived by the same individual in several ways if he receives them in a different way. The expression the medium is the message means that recipient receives messagesRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Our Society Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences of Media on our Society There is no doubt that the media influences us. To state some examples to prove this claim, try answering the questions that follow. Do you feel like attempting a stunt from a movie? Do you base your fashion on what you see the celebrities are wearing? Do you copy the hairstyle of your favorite famous personalities? Have you ever attempted to walk model-like in an attempt to imitate those ramp models in fashion shows? If you answered yes to any of these questionsRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Mar ina 240) and though someRead MoreMass Society Theory Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of Mass Society Theory Comprised a vast workforce of people who lived isolated and unfulfilled lives. They were slaves to jobs, bosses and living in crowded urban settings . Their lives were consistent with Marx’s â€Å"alienated masses† Scholars blamed the media for the rise of fascism History of Mass Society Theory During the 1920’s, Hearst and Pulitzer changed their ways and became serious about reporting the news The American Society of Newspaper Editors formed and pledged toRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 PagesModern society portrays good looking men to have broad shoulders, toned arms, six-pack abs, and a small waist while good looking women are viewed to have the characteristics of being slim and fit, having a small waist, lean hips, and perfect skin complexion. As a result, many people are affected by our own societys portrayals of good looking men and women that they feel pressured into doing whatever it takes and going through extreme measures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gymRead MoreHuman Resource Training For The Media Sector1679 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is a very important role in the development of today s society. It impacts on the social consciousness to establish and consolidate a system of political thought leaders for society; associate members of society into a unity, a whole on the basis of the stance, political attitudes generally. Mass media also perform monitoring functions, and social management, monitoring, detection, promptly report the problems, new conflicts arise, contributes political stability to society. Such an important

The Captivating Life and Death of Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe, an often misinterpreted literary mastermind known predominantly by his extraordinary tales of horror, the supernatural, forbidden love, madness, and mystery, is more than meets the eye. Though his genres of expertise may indicate otherwise, Poe was a very social person, having been raised as a gentleman, and he had more hands on military experience than any other major American author in history. As a writer, Poe gained a great deal of his inspiration from his surroundings. His stay in the army contributed significantly to his repertoire, said to have inspired some of Poe’s greatest works including â€Å"’The Gold Bug;’ ’The Man Who Was Used Up,’ a satire of southern frontier politics; ‘The Balloon Hoax,’ set along the†¦show more content†¦At West Point, Poe was older than the other cadets and as a former NCO (non-commissioned officer) did not take easily to the cadet-style and drills, such as â€Å"mandatory formations [and] inspections† (Beidler, Soldier 338), which, in his days as an enlisted man, he had always found ways to avoid. In class, Poe’s intellect made him a â€Å"quick study†, the coursework giving him little trouble. The start of the second semester, and a rekindling of hostilities with Allan, marked the beginning of Poe’s downfall at West Point. The hostilities ended with Allan pronouncing his disownment of Poe, and Poe getting himself thrown out of the Academy in spite. He was dishonorably discharged through a court martial charging him with insubordination; refusal to obey the order of a superior officer. Despite the ultimate failure of Poe’s military career, it proved to be some of the most vital years in Poe’s lifetime literarily, encompassing the production of his first three books of poetry; Tamerlane and Other Poems of 1827, Al Araaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems of 1829, and Poems of 1831, which reads â€Å"To the U.S. Corp s of Cadets This Volume is Respectfully Dedicated†. These books were the only book-length poetry compilations he would publish until the publication of The Raven and Other Poems in 1845. Following his departure from West Point, Poe took refuge in his biological father’s hometown, Baltimore,Show MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe Was A Master Of The Literary Elements And1092 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was a master of the literary elements and used them greatly in all of his works. In the story, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Poe uses these literary devices to really grab the audience and keep them wanting more. This skillful building of suspense is what makes this story so interesting and easy to keep reading. Poe drops small hints throughout the story in order to give the reader a little glimpse of how the story will come to an exciting end. With all of these elements coming togetherRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sisterRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poes life was bombarded with misery, financial problems, and death but he still managed to become a world-renowned writer. Although he attended the most prestigious of schools he was often looked over as a writer and poet during his career. His stories were odd and misunderstood during their time. However, now they are loved a read by millions. On January 19, 1809 Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts at a lodging house. His parents David and ElizabethRead MoreThe Peculiar Edgar Allan Poe868 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease of thought—from moods of mind exalted at the expense of the general intellect† (Poe); these are the words of a man born on January 19, 1809. As a child Poe’s parents had passed on making him an orphan. He then went on to live with the family of John Allan who was originally from Richmond, Virginia. During the period of 1815-1820, the family migrated to England. Living in England was beneficial to Poe for the reason that he gained his gothic style that appears so frequently in his work fromRead MoreEssay about Annabel Lee, Edgar Allan Poe1009 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most influential authors that contributed to this experience was Edgar Allan Poe. His work is almost immediately recognizable due to his common motif that is both melancholy and mysterious. Much of his writing concerns love and loss, such as in his poem â€Å"Annabel Lee.† The essence of this work is endless love and the death of a beautiful young girl. It is thought by many that most of his literature mirrors his actual life, which was riddled with heartbreak and sorrow. It is evident from theRead MoreLife and Talent of Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was bone in Boston on January 19 1809 to David and Elizabeth Poe. He lost his parents at the age of two years and had to be adopted by John Allan and his wife Frances Valentine Allan. John Allan was a very wealthy man but he only gave Edgar a third of his school requirements and this alienated him from Edgar. When Allan’s wife dies Edgar also decides to move out because he could not put up with John Allan. Edgar loved poetry from a tender age. He even wrote verses to girls that heRead MoreSymbolism Of The Red Death By Edgar Allan Poe1500 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Mask of the Red Death†, Edgar Allan Poe uses setting and symbolism to deliver the theme that n o one escapes death. The story follows the naà ¯ve and pompous Prince Prospero, and his feeble attempt to escape dying from the Black Plague. As the plague spread through his kingdom, the prince called one thousand of his closest friends to reside within the safety of the castle in order to seclude themselves from the horror and death going on outside. During the last months of their seclusion, the princeRead MoreEssay on The Life of Edgar Allan Poe4875 Words   |  20 PagesThe Life of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be the father of the short story by many. Over the course of his life, he wrote hundreds of short stories and poems. His writing style is unique and influenced by the tragedies that occurred over the course of his life. In fact, he is most well known for writing morbid stories and gruesome, dismal poems. Indeed his writing habits were heavily influenced by his life. His life was full of depression, angst, and woe. Many of theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe: His Life and The Raven4939 Words   |  20 PagesEdgar Allan Poe: His Life and The Raven Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be the father of the short story by many. Over the course of his life, he wrote hundreds of short stories and poems. His writing style is unique and influenced by the tragedies that occurred over the course of his life. In fact, he is most well known for writing morbid stories and gruesome, dismal poems. Indeed his writing habits were heavily influenced by his life. His life was full of depression, angst, and woe. Read MoreThe Loyalty And Love That The Speaker1144 Words   |  5 Pagesportrayed to Annabel Lee was unforgettable. Poe uses sad tones when he writes, this poem is a sad love story. â€Å"Its popularity is probably attributable to its haunting rhythm, its lulling repetition† (Bily, 1) Poe always does a phenomenal job captivating the reader and getting the reader to feel the emotions. This is such a valuable trait that Poe is capable of doing because this story allows one to want to read on and feel the emotions with the speaker . Poe paints a sad, heart-wrenching story about

How Slavery Affected the New World Free Essays

How Slavery Affected the New World Amanda Maldonado 9/11/2012 Unit 1: Essay When we think of slavery we cannot help to think of mistreated people. Slaves are responsible for making the New World succeed in the enlightenment of civilization, and the production of wealth. Without slave labor economy would not be working today. We will write a custom essay sample on How Slavery Affected the New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Slavery teaches us that after suffering there comes reward. At the same time however, slavery is the definition of anguish and torment. The separation of loved ones to service a stranger is erroneous. Slave labor feeds the master’s family, but distresses the laborer’s family. Slavery brings us new traditions and diversity to the New World. In her book, The Origins of American Slavery, Betty Wood explains her point of view of how slavery came to be and I will be referring to her book. Slave labor is a topic that is very important, because slaves are used to serve others, without being paid. They are used as objects and treated as so. The owner has power over the slave’s life, and liberty, â€Å"†¦loss of humanity; that the slave was no longer a person, a man or a woman, but an animal. (Origins10) Slaves are treated this way, even though they harvest the corn we eat. The clothes that the master wears are made by the slave, and with cotton that the slave picked. The land that is being used to harvest by the English, and the Europeans, belongs to the Native slaves, and yet they are being disconnected from their own rightful property. The foreigners are takin g advantage of the people, to make themselves wealthy. They are greedy and want all the riches for themselves and no one else. The Europeans and the English fight over land, however that land belongs neither. They came and took over without the permission of the people who were there first. The slaves are moving economy forward, because their labor produces money. Money goes into the economy, and there is the start to a strong New World. Agriculture and trading make it easy for people to live in the New World, and persuades people to come. This also persuades slaves, because they believe that someday they will be free and also gain wealth. The slaves bring new customs to the New World. They bring new ways of cooking, strategies to grow crops, and they bring ideas to the Europeans and English. However the English and the Europeans believe that they are descents of Ham a sinner that is punished with servitude. The slaves are put to work because they are believed to be servants of servants. The appearance of the Africans and their culture comes off as different to the Europeans, and English. However slaves are human beings, whether or not they are said to be descendents of Ham. The first slaves are the Native Americans according to Betty Wood. The reason is because the Natives are already here when the English and the Europeans come. The Natives are lured into slavery, because when the Europeans come, they come with smiles. Not knowing, the Natives get taken advantage of. The Europeans want everything that the Natives have. The Natives eventually become slaves. However, the Europeans bring diseases, and wipe out many of the Natives. It is not only Africans and Natives that are slaves though. Some English and some Europeans are put to work as well, but a conclusion is drawn, that white skin is too weak for labor outside. So that is when they bring the Africans. The Africans also die of diseases, but become immune eventually. Their skin is not weak, and they are known to be the best slaves to have. The Europeans and the English want to civilize the African slaves, because they feel that the way they dress and their lack of intelligence is shocking. However, each culture is different, and it is unfair to change their culture, because changing their culture changes their tradition. And, tradition is not tradition if it is changed. The irony of this is the fact that Africans are traded by their own people in Africa. They are traded to the Europeans for gold and other objects. They tear these families apart just to be self-centered and greedy. All these things, and yet the slaves keep going. Some try to escape, and get away, but others find death or punishment. Life as a slave is a terrible experience, and only they know what it really feels like to be one. All we can do is read about them and feel appalled and impotent. The Europeans and the English gain power by being leeches. They suck out all the power from the slaves, while they live the life of kings and queens. Luckily, this comes to n end eventually; it only took more than two-hundred years. But, today we are free, because they fight for our freedom. Slavery built the nation that we are today. They are responsible for our freedom and for the nation we are today. At the time they did not know it, but thanks to them today we can be free without chains. We can live life peacefully, and independently. We can walk outside and breathe fresh air without being afraid. Slavery brought traditions, customs, and most of all diversity. We do not have to worry about being separated from our families. And, most of all we do not have to be afraid. The New World is made of immigrants. Whether brought by force or by choice, this country we are today is made of people from different countries. We made the New World, but we owe most of it to the slaves. They are the ones who work hard and experience torment so that today we can be free. Slaves make the New World succeed, economically and culturally. We are now equal to each other, no more anguish. Work Cited Wood, Betty. The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998. Print. How to cite How Slavery Affected the New World, Essay examples

Down Syndrome Essay Research Paper Down free essay sample

Down Syndrome Essay, Research Paper Down # 8217 ; s syndrome is a familial status affecting an excess chromosome, this alteration occurs around the clip of construct. A individual with Down # 8217 ; s syndrome has 47 chromosomes alternatively of the usual forty-six. A comparatively common familial upset, Down # 8217 ; s work stoppages 1 out of 600 babes. In 95 per centum of all instances, the upset originates with the egg, non the sperm, and the lone known hazard factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35, a adult female has 1 opportunity in 117 of holding a babe with Down # 8217 ; s ; at 40, her odds are 1 in 34. ( Graves, 1990 ) Peoples with Down # 8217 ; s syndrome all have a certain grade of larning disablement. This means that they develop and learn more easy than other kids. However, most kids with Down # 8217 ; s syndrome today will walk and speak, many will read and compose, travel to ordinary school, and look frontward to a semi-independent grownup life. ( Platt and Carlson, 1992 ) Facts on Down Syndrome *Down syndrome is non a deadly anomalousness. One to two per centum of individuals born with this upset have uncontrollable bosom defects at birth. The mean life anticipation for all others is now beyond age 55 old ages. *Today less than 5 % of individuals with Down syndrome have severe-to-profound mental deceleration. The bulk are on the boundary line of mild-to-moderate mental deceleration, and some are exhibiting normal IQ tonss today. *The mean reading degree for individuals with Down syndrome is 3rd class, with many reading at 6th-12th class degrees today. *The huge bulk of grownups with Down syndrome today can be expected to populate semi- or wholly independently and many enter the work force with today # 8217 ; s supported employment plans and some are competitively employed. Some medical conditions that demand particular attending for people with Down syndrome include: *Congenital Heart Disease: normally in the signifier of endocardial shock absorber defects, affects 40 % of babes and should be screened for by echocardiography shortly after birth as it may good be hard to observe. * Gastrointestinal upsets: the most common inborn abnormalcy of the GI piece of land associated with Down syndrome is duodenal atresia, although pyloric stricture, Hirschsprung # 8217 ; s disease and tracheo-oesophageal fistulous witherss have all been reported. * Vision: Three per centum of neonates with Down syndrome will hold heavy congenital cataracts which should be removed early. Glaucoma is besides common. * Congenital Hypothyroidism: This status is somewhat more prevailing in babes with Down syndrome. It should be detected by the everyday heelprick screen performed on all babes. *Congenital disruption of the hips: Joint laxness and hypotonus can unite to increase the incidence of hip disruption, although true inborn disruption is rather rare. * Sensory shortages: Significant hearing damages occur in the bulk of kids with Down syndrome. Annual audiology and specialist audience is recommended. * Atlantoaxial instability: Up to 15 % of kids with Down syndrome will hold grounds of instability of the atlantoaxial articulation but in merely a smattering of instances will this instability consequence in an encroachment on the spinal cord with attendant neurological marks. * Physical growing: Physical development is constantly delayed in kids with Down syndrome. A inclination towards fleshiness requires particular attending to healthy diet and exercising wonts in this group. * Dental attention: The dentition of kids with Down syndrome tend to be little, irregularly spaced and misshapen. Early and frequent alveolar consonant attention is required to guarantee equal teething for big life. * Psychiatric upsets: Psychiatric unwellnesss occur in people with Down syndrome with much the same frequence as in the remainder of the population. *Dementia: Much recent attending has been focused on the association between Down syndrome and Alzheimer # 8217 ; s disease. There appears to be a gene-dose consequence where holding an excess chromosome 21 gives an person a higher opportunity of developing Alzheimer # 8217 ; s disease. ( Newton, 1992 ) A important sum of research has been conducted on Down syndrome, in peculiar many methods to observe Down syndrome in foetuss have been developed. This is a controversial issue for research workers and for households who have Down syndrome kids and grownups. The followers is a treatment of some of the sensing methods for Down syndrome, and the installations in which they were developed. Jones Institute Scientists at Norfolk # 8217 ; s Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine say they have overcome most proficient hurdlings to testing embryos for Down syndrome and many other chromosomal defects before the embryos are implanted in a adult female # 8217 ; s womb. The institute, portion of Eastern Virginia Medical School, hopes to seek out the technique with a smattering of bad twosomes who come to the institute for in-vitro fertilisation, in the close hereafter. ( www # 1 ) Finally, all twosomes who go through the Jones Institute may hold the option to screen for Down and most of the other conditions caused by an excess chromosome on one of 23 braces that make up the normal complement. The technique has been developed in portion to assist parents avoid a hard moral determination # 8211 ; what to make if the birthrate techniques cause the female parent to go pregnant with many kids at one time. At the same clip, it opens up a host of other ethical inquiries for parents and society as a whole, say people who have kids with Down. ( www # 1 ) Harmonizing to Kingsley and Levitz ( 1994 ) , in-vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) , is a technique in which eggs are removed from a adult female # 8217 ; s ovaries and combined with sperm in a dish. The ensuing embryos are transplanted into the adult female # 8217 ; s uterus. Before graft, a individual cell will be removed and exposed to investigations made up of familial stuff treated with fluorescent dye. Each investigation has been designed to attach to a specific chromosome in the karyon. Using a particular microscope, a scientist can number the points of assorted colourss. Three of a specific colour means that there is one excess chromosome of that type. The institute will prove five braces that account for most chromosomal defects. The first instances will be done for free. When the process becomes common, the process will add about $ 2,000 to the cost of IVF, approximately $ 7,500. The Chairman of generative endocrinology at the Jones Institute said the process was developed chiefly to avoid the multiple births that sometimes go on with IVF. ( www # 1 ) Most transplanted embryos, and many of course conceived 1s, neer take root and grow because they have the incorrect figure of chromosomes. In IVF, physicians try to better the odds by engrafting three or more, presuming that some will be lost. But sometimes, many or all of the embryos are feasible. The parents so must make up ones mind # 8211 ; do they selectively abort some, or do they take on the enormously demanding undertaking of holding many babes at one time? If physicians could test the embryos, he said, they could restrict themselves to engrafting two and still bask a high chance that the embryos will last. However, the ability to test out embryos with Down syndrome still worries households of people with the status. ( www # 1 ) The option non to hold a kid with Down already exists. Trials during gestation can observe the status. Parents may take an abortion. Parents of kids with Down syndrome, say that other parents who choose to fling an embryo in a research lab are farther removed from the deductions of their determination. Doctors at the medical centre say that they want really much for people facing the determination to understand that holding a kid with Down syndrome can be really carry throughing. They says the Jones Institute isn # 8217 ; t seeking to devaluate people with Down syndrome by offering the trial. But they say this information has such of import branchings for the household, if we have that information, we would give it to them and they make the pick. Polar Body Analysis Doctors at Illinois Masonic Medical centre have discovered that they can find if a adult female will hold a babe with Down # 8217 ; s syndrome before she gets pregnant, provided she is willing to undergo in-vitro fertilisation. Using an experimental technique called polar organic structure analysis, the familial stuff of an egg can be checked before laboratory fertilisation, assisting some adult females avoid abortions. Chicago research workers at Masonic reported on a yearlong survey affecting 100 adult females who underwent the polar organic structure process, they say that several adult females already have delivered healthy babes, and more than 20 are pregnant with no mark of Down # 8217 ; s. But the possibility exists that the Masonic patients could hold achieved the same consequences without familial testing. The bulk of adult females who have conventional in-vitro fertilisation are older and have normal gestations. Dr. Charles Strom, manager of medical genetic sciences at the infirmary said that, polar organic structure work gives a 35-year-old female the same opportunity of gestating a chromosomally normal babe that a 21-year-old has. He said at least half the adult females in the in-vitro fertilisation plan are 35 or older. ( www # 2 ) Polar organic structure analysis flexible joints on basic biological science. During normal development, the human egg contains a pouch of extra chromosomes called the polar organic structure before it gets ready to be fertilized by a male # 8217 ; s sperm. Since this pouch, is a mirror image of the egg, the familial content of the egg itself can be determined through this process. ( www # 3 ) Without such testing, approximately 30 per centum of the Down # 8217 ; s gestations ensuing from in-vitro fertilisation would hold miscarried of course, and others could hold been picked up by the standard antenatal proving techniques, chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis. In-vitro fertilisation is expensive, labour intensive and frequently dissatisfactory. The polar organic structure trial would add another $ 2,000 to $ 2,500 to its costs. ( www # 2 ) The Triple Screen The # 8220 ; ternary screen for Down syndrome # 8221 ; has been in being for over five old ages. However, merely this past twelvemonth, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists officially recommended that this trial be offered to all pregnant patients of all ages. This implies a legal authorization to practising doctors who can non afford the liability of non offering such a trial after a national recommendation has been made. This # 8220 ; mandate # 8221 ; has been met with great contention. ( www # 3 ) The # 8220 ; ternary screen # 8221 ; really involves pulling maternal blood to prove for serum degrees of three endocrines: human chorionic gonadotrophin ( HCG ) , alphafetoprotein ( AFP ) , and estriol ( E3 ) . The form of the degrees of these endocrines predicts the presence of Down syndrome in the foetuss in up to 60-70 % of gestations affected. By utilizing computing machine expressions, the hormonal degrees can be found that are prognostic for a hazard of Down syndrome in the foetus that approximates 1 in 190 # 8211 ; which is the same hazard that a pregnant adult female has at age 35. Therefore, the trial has been recommended now for adult females at all ages. If it is # 8220 ; positive # 8221 ; , it should be followed by echography and so amniocentesis to do a unequivocal diagnosing. ( www # 3 ) Some utilizations of the three-base hit screen are seen as positive by all. If the trial is negative, these consequences can forestall farther unneeded echography, or amniocentesis, or chorionic villus trying # 8211 ; for adult females 35 or over ; or for the adult female with a old foetus with Down syndrome. Normally these more expensive and invasive trials would hold been recommended in those scenes. It is the usage of the trial for all pregnant adult females that begins to stir contention. Merely one such serum trial has of all time been recommended so widely before # 8211 ; the serum ( AFP ) alphafetoprotein screen. It is a screening trial for multiple types of foetal defects that affect the # 8220 ; nervous tubing # 8221 ; in the foetus. These defects include such jobs as anencephalia, holoprosencephaly, or einencephaly, every bit good as many degrees of spina bifida. Down syndrome is surely non the same as the broad scope of anomalousnesss termed # 8220 ; nervous tubing defects, # 8221 ; but the Triple Screen makes it look an equal to many deadly defects. The ternary screen really detects many more foetal anomalousnesss than Down syndrome, including the AFP-related anomalousnesss mentioned above and several deadly trisomies, such as Trisomy 18. The Triple Screen is called a screen # 8220 ; for Down syndrome # 8221 ; for selling grounds, every bit much as for scientific truth. The Triple Screen is, in fact, a really hapless screen, placing merely approximately 65 % of foetuss with Down syndrome in utero. No other screen with such low cogency has been universally recommended for all pregnant adult females. Such a recommendation means one million millions of dollars for the genetic sciences industry and the research workers involved. ( www # 3 ) The showing trials set up the chance of pregnant adult females holding kids with Down Syndrome or Spina Bifida and other nervous tubing defects. It is possible the widespread usage of familial showing for the intent of designation and abortion of foetuss with Down Syndrome may adversely impact the quality of life for all individuals with Down Syndrome in the community. Many groups stand foring people with Down syndrome have expressed their feelings about this issue, the followers is a sum-up of some of the wants they have expressed. 1. The primary end of antenatal familial testing should non be to cut down the birth prevalence of Down Syndrome in the population. Its usage should be directed towards the proviso of improved wellness attention. 2.Prenatal familial proving should be voluntary. The adult female or twosome should have guidance that is comprehensive and provided in a linguistic communication that is easy understood by them. Prior to reexamining written consent for antenatal testing, the twosome should be given accurate and up-to-date information on all relevant issues environing antenatal familial testing and Down Syndrome. This information should be provided in a balanced mode. Each adult female or twosome should be allowed to make up ones mind whether antenatal familial testing is appropriate for them based on informed pick. An appropriate period of clip should be allowed between having information and decision making, with written consent whether or non to continue with the trial. 3. Following a trial consequence which implies that the foetus may hold a chance of a chromosone abnormalcy such as Down Syndrome, the adult female or twosome should be provided with elaborate, balanced information sing the options available to them. This information should be provided by a knowing and qualified wellness attention supplier such as those found in accredited familial Centres. Balanced information should be so recorded for the adult female or twosome to reexamine at their leisure. Opportunities to hold the adult female or twosome speak to parents of kids with Down Syndrome should be offered. ( www # 4 ) It is apparent that the argument over showing for Down syndrome is far from settled. It is besides apparent that people with Down syndrome can do an of import part to our society. I think if parents are non prepared to take on the challenges of a kid with Down syndrome they should hold options, should one of these options be abortion? I would hold a difficult clip back uping person? s determination to abort, particularly holding spent some clip with a immature male child who has Down syndrome. There are many support groups for households who have kids with Down syndrome, there are besides many households willing to follow. The plans at school for these kids are really adaptable to the demands of the person. Most kids with Down syndrome can travel to school and acquire along good, they make a valuable part to the schoolroom and their fellow pupils. The determination is a hard one and I think that there are many options that need to be explored before anyone can do an informed determination. Mentions Cooley, W. and Graham, J. ( 1991 ) . Down syndrome # 8211 ; an update and reappraisal for the primary baby doctor. Clin Paed 30 ( 4 ) : 233-253. Graves, P. ( 1990 ) . The intellectually handicapped kid in Robinson MJ practical pediatricss 2nd erectile dysfunction. Melboune: Churchill Livingstone. Kingsley, J. and Levitz, M. ( 1994 ) . Count us in: Turning up with down syndrome. New York: Harcourt Brace A ; Company. Newton, R. ( 1992 ) . Down # 8217 ; s syndrome. London: Optima. Platt, L. and Carlson, D. ( 1992 ) . Prenatal diagnosing # 8211 ; when and how? NEJM 327 ( 9 ) :636-638. Pueschel, S. ( 1990 ) . Clinical facets of down syndrome from babyhood to adulthood. Am J Med Gen Supp 7: 52-56 Pueschel, S. and Pueschel, J. ( Eds ) ( 1992 ) . Biomedical concerns in individuals with down syndrome. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes Co. Pueschel, S. ( 1992 ) . A longitudinal survey of atlanto-dens relationships in symptomless persons with Down syndrome. Pediatricss 89 ( 6 ) pg. 1194-1198. Selikowitz, M. ( 1990 ) . Down Syndrome # 8211 ; the facts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stray-Gundersen, K. ( Ed. ) ( 1995 ) . Babies with down syndrome: A new parents? usher ( 2nd edition ) . Rockville, MD: Woodbine House. Tingey, C. ( Ed. ) ( 1988 ) . Down syndrome: A resource enchiridion. Boston, MA: College-Hill Press. www # 1. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.erms.edu/jones/depthome.htm www # 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //ptolemy.eess.edu/ds.html www # 3. hypertext transfer protocol: //wwwpino/ds/prenata/nsdcapf.html

It is always beneficial for individuals to achieve a sense of belonging free essay sample

It is always beneficial for individuals to achieve a sense of belonging. Discuss this statement by referring to your prescribed text and a self-selected text. For individuals to achieve a sense of belonging is beneficial as it’s a place, feeling, even a person that makes you feel a sense of security and that you are not alone in this world. When someone doesn’t belong they could feel a sense of isolation and it’s distressing, the extremes of not belonging are portrayed in my self-selected text â€Å"Refugee Blues† a poem by W. H Auden and in my prescribed text â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† a film directed by Baz Luhrmann shows us that belonging is a valuable concept. The main protagonists in â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† are Scott Hastings and Fran, they initially do not belong to the orthodoxy of the dance federation as indicated through the costuming contrast between them and other Federation dancers, the other ballroom dancers all dressed in very lurid costumes, have peroxide hair and fake grins in comparison Scott has a black plain suit with a very natural unhappy smile. We will write a custom essay sample on It is always beneficial for individuals to achieve a sense of belonging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"I’m putting on my happy face† says Shirley Hastings and this alerts us that it is an artificial community of dancers. Scott wanted to dance and live authentically. This indicates that Scott is an outsider, not fitting into the norms of the federation. Just as Scott Hastings has been ostracised by the federation, there is a similar idea portrayed in the poem â€Å"Refugee Blues†. In â€Å"Refugee Blues† we see the extremes of not belonging where a whole religious group (Jewish people) are being ostracised and denied there right to belong by the German Nazi’s. In the poem the repetition of â€Å"Yet there’s no place for us† emphasis’s the underlying statement that the Germans are not acceptant of the Jewish people and they are seen as outsiders and unacceptable. Due to their cultural identity the Germans believed that the Jewish people were different. The difference in cultural identity is also depicted in â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† but obvious not to the same extent. Fran, Scott’s love is disguise, also faces a major cultural barrier that makes her feel isolated from both Australian culture and the Dance Federation. Fran is from a Hispanic background, so therefore this becomes an obstacle for her that when she addresses herself the camera makes a close up showing her nervousness and trembling when asked her full name she never states her surname, she says â€Å"Just Fran†. Fran is ashamed that she will not fit in and is seen as different. Fran finds it difficult to solve this as no one in the federation understands or is willing to help her; a lack of security is also depicted in â€Å"Refugee Blues†. The Jewish people do not belong and there is no official who can or is willing to help them; â€Å"Come back next year† when they need immediate help, we can see this indication with the extract telling the Jewish people to come back next year knowing that they are unable to help and aren’t willing to battle for them we see this due to W. H Auden’s use of build-up of images that increasingly gives us this idea of their vulnerability and helplessness. Scott Hastings is faced with a contrary concept. Scott Hastings becomes resistant when faced with Fran initially, she proposes her desire of wanting to be his dance partner and maybe even more, but he is persistent in convincing her and himself that they do not belong to each other. Scott doesn’t realise then that she holds the ability to give him that sense of authentic belonging, as she is seen as even more of an outsider because she is from a different culture and has a lower dancing ability compared to him. Fran convinces Scott to come to his senses â€Å"You’re just really scared! Really scared to give someone new a go†. A close up on Scott’s face shows the emotions running through Scott which was shock and acceptance that he has found someone who understands him but he must overcome his pride and prejudice in order to accept Fran and authentic acceptance. As Scott has come to that acceptance so does W. H Auden in the poem, but to the acceptance of not belonging, the acceptance of death. â€Å"Thunder rumbling in the sky† which is symbolism used to indicate what will happen to the Jewish people of Germany because they do not belong therefore a terrifying outcome of death. In conclusion, â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† by Baz luhrmann and W. H Auden’s poem, â€Å"Refugee Blues† both indicate the concept of belonging and not belonging and the importance of it. â€Å"Refugee blues† has a non-beneficial terrible outcome due to no sense of security, not belonging, but in â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† Scott Hastings finds a sense of security and authentic belonging within another individual and therefore it is beneficial as he finds acceptance. Through my prescribed text and my self-selected text you can see that belonging is beneficial to individuals as it is life changing.